Flush the Buffer Early
How flushing the Buffer Early improves Web site download performance
When users request a page, it can take anywhere from 200 to 500ms for the backend server to stitch together the HTML page. During this time, the browser is idle as it waits for the data to arrive. In PHP you have the function flush(). It allows you to send your partially ready HTML response to the browser so that the browser can start fetching components while your backend is busy with the rest of the HTML page. The benefit is mainly seen on busy backends or light frontends. A good place to consider flushing is right after the HEAD because the HTML for the head is usually easier to produce and it allows you to include any CSS and JavaScript files for the browser to start fetching in parallel while the backend is still processing. Example: ... <!-- css, js --> </head> <?php flush(); ?> <body> ... <!-- content --> Yahoo! search pioneered research and real user testing to prove the benefits of using this technique.
Other Topics
Overview Web Site performance Improvement Minimize HTTP Requests Use a Content Delivery Network Add an Expires or a Cache-Control Header Gzip Components Put Stylesheets at the Top Put Scripts at the Bottom Avoid CSS Expressions Make JavaScript and CSS External Reduce DNS Lookups Minify JavaScript and CSS Avoid Redirects. Remove Duplicate Scripts Configure ETags Make Ajax Cacheable Flush the Buffer Early Use GET for AJAX Requests Post-load Components Preload Components Reduce DOM Elements Split Components Across Domains Minimize the Number of iframes No 404s Reduce Cookie Size Use Cookie-free Domains for Components Minimize DOM Access Develop Smart Event Handlers Choose over @import Avoid Filters Optimize Images Optimize CSS Sprites Don't Scale Images in HTML Make favicon.ico Small and Cacheable Keep Components under 25K Pack Components into a Multipart Document Avoid Empty Image src
